头文件：

#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cassert>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <ctime>
 
#define makeSeed() srand((unsigned long)time(nullptr) ^ getpid() ^ 0xa33b12 ^ rand() % 1234);
#define PROCESS_NUM 5
 
typedef void (*func_t)();

main.cc

void example1Task()
{
    std::cout << getpid() << "：Task_1\n"
              << std::endl;
    sleep(1);
}
 
void example2Task()
{
    std::cout << getpid() << "：Task_2\n"
              << std::endl;
    sleep(1);
}
 
void example3Task()
{
    std::cout << getpid() << "：Task_3\n"
              << std::endl;
    sleep(1);
}
 
void loadTaskFunc(std::vector<func_t> *out)
{
    assert(out);
    out->push_back(example1Task);
    out->push_back(example2Task);
    out->push_back(example3Task);
}
 
class subEp
{
public:
    subEp(pid_t subID, int writeFd)
        : subID_(subID), writeFd_(writeFd)
    {
        char nameBuffer[1024];
        snprintf(nameBuffer, sizeof nameBuffer, "process-%d[pid(%d)-fd(%d)]", num++, subID_, writeFd_);
        name_ = nameBuffer;
    }
 
public:
    static int num;
    std::string name_;
    pid_t subID_;
    int writeFd_;
};
int subEp::num = 0;
 
int recvTask(int readFd)
{
    int code = 0;
    ssize_t s = read(readFd, &code, sizeof code);
    if(s == 4) return code;
    else if(s <= 0) return -1;
    else return 0;
    return code;
}
 
void sendTask(const subEp &process, int taskNum)
{
    std::cout << "send task num: " << taskNum << "send to -> " << process.name_ << std::endl;
    int n = write(process.writeFd_, &taskNum, sizeof(taskNum));
    assert(n == sizeof(int));
    (void)n;
}
 
void createSubProcess(std::vector<subEp> *subs, std::vector<func_t> &funcMap)
{
    std::vector<int> deleteFd;
    for (int i = 0; i < PROCESS_NUM; i++)
    {
        int fds[2];
        int n = pipe(fds);
        assert(n == 0);
        (void)n;
 
        pid_t id = fork();
        if (id == 0)
        {
            for(int i = 0; i < deleteFd.size(); i++) close(deleteFd[i]);
            // 子进程
            close(fds[1]);
            while (true)
            {
                int commandCode = recvTask(fds[0]);
                if (commandCode >= 0 && commandCode < funcMap.size())
                    funcMap[commandCode]();
                else if(commandCode = -1) break;
            }
            exit(0);
        }
        close(fds[0]);
        subEp sub(id, fds[1]);
        subs->push_back(std::move(sub));
        deleteFd.push_back(fds[1]);
    }
}
 
void loadBlanceContrl(const std::vector<subEp> &subs, const std::vector<func_t> &funcMap, int count)
{
    int processnum = subs.size();
    int taskNum = funcMap.size();
    bool forever = (count == 0 ? true : false);
    while (true)
    {
        // 选择子进程
        int subIdx = rand() % processnum;
        // 选择任务
        int taskIdx = rand() % taskNum;
        // 发送任务
        sendTask(subs[subIdx], taskIdx);
        sleep(1);
        if(!forever) 
        {
            count--;
            if(count == 0) break;
        }
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < processnum; i++) close(subs[i].writeFd_);
}
 
void waitPrecess(std::vector<subEp> process)
{
    int processNum = process.size(); 
    for(int i = 0; i < processNum; i++)
    {
        waitpid(process[i].subID_, nullptr, 0);
        std::cout << "wait sub process success...: " << process[i].subID_ << std::endl;
    }
}
 
int main()
{
    //建立子进程和通信信道
    makeSeed();
    std::vector<func_t> funcMap;
    loadTaskFunc(&funcMap);
    std::vector<subEp> subs;
    createSubProcess(&subs, funcMap);
 
    int taskCount = 5;
    loadBlanceContrl(subs, funcMap, taskCount);
 
    // 回收子进程信息
    waitPrecess(subs);
 
    return 0;
}